Tag Archive for: Home Safety

HOW TO RECOGNIZE CANINE STRESS RESPONSES

The L.A. Times recently ran an article on the rising increase of dog bites that are sending record numbers of us to local Emergency Rooms. The numbers are actually quite troublesome.

A recent study cited 48,596 ER visits that were related to dog bites, a number that reflects a 12% increase from the previous year and 70% higher than 2005. That equates to 125 ER visits for dog bites per 100,000 California residents.

Why the increase?

As many a 45% of American households now have at least 1 dog. That number is higher than it’s ever been owing to the large number of adoptions that took place during the pandemic when people were suffering from isolation.

Some dogs, like people, respond to unusual stress with aggressive behavior but unfortunately, the initial warning signs may go unnoticed. According to the article, a large number of puppies (and adult dogs as well) were hastily adopted during the pandemic and never properly socialized which has resulted in unaddressed behavioral issues.

State figures and a recent study by public health researchers show that, in California, children and young adults are the age groups most likely to make ER visits for dog bites.

The most serious injuries often involve the head and neck, making little children especially vulnerable. Nationwide, children under 5 were more than twice as likely to die from dog bites as members of other age groups.

What to look for?

Canine aggression occurs “on a ladder” of escalating behaviors and not all of them are obvious unless you know what to look for.

Easy to remember are the 5 Fs:

  • fret
  • fidget
  • fight
  • flight
  • freeze

Initial signs of discomfort also might include lip-licking, looking away, or yawning. The behavior starts to escalate when the dog begins stiffening up, staring, or crouching with a tucked tail. And things can worsen if an active toddler or small child gets too handsy.

According to Elizabeth Stelow, chief of the Behavior Service at the UC Davis Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital,  owners should learn to recognize anxiety in dogs and understand their body language. When dogs owners repeatedly miss the signs of distress, biting may occur.

Dogs who are punished regularly are  also more inclined to bite. Negative feedback such as collars that deliver electronic stimulation, choke chains, and/or pronged collars were also identified in the article as another source of great stress.

Although aversive techniques appear to work by subduing the animal’s behavior, that result is often deceptive. Fear-based learning can push dogs to stop engaging in any behavior, good or bad, as the dog becomes fearful of a negative response.

The American Veterinary Society of Animal Behavior encourages owners to focus on positive reinforcement, rewarding dogs for what they do right. Motivating good behavior with treats, toys, verbal praise, and other positive choices make for a much happier and better-behaved pet.

Be sensitive to any signs that might lead to aggressive behavior.

Dogs are such an important part of our family, our lives, and our wellbeing. Let’s make sure that we equally value the wellbeing of our canine friends.

CAUTION: COLORFUL CURIOSITIES

Parents who have taken our CPR & Family Safety Class will recall that the class highlights poison prevention, and for good reason.

The most recent report from the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) shows an alarming increase in both serious and fatal poisonings…especially in the 0-4 age group.

The numbers show an increase in fatal poisonings of 37% from 2020 to 2021 with a significant increase of 66% from ’21-’22. These numbers are on the rise and Emergency Departments and the CPSC are sounding the alarm.

In particular we are looking at:

  • All Acetaminophen (Tylenol) products – especially liquid versions
  • Narcotics/opiates
  • Hallucinogenic substances (including ingestible cannabinoids)
  • Ibuprofen agents

One very simple thing to keep in mind is this:

Children are attracted to bright, colorful items whether it’s pills or cleaning supplies and chemicals used for washing clothes and dishes.  It all looks like candy to them.

The essentials of poison prevention are well known  but sometimes we need reminding.

Be sure to follow these essential guidelines:

  • Keep ALL medications well out of reach of children
  • Only administer pediatric medications as prescribed by your pediatrician
  • Check age and size-related dosing of anti-fever drugs. For example: Tylenol and Ibuprofen medications both come in infant and toddler strength
  • Never use words like “sweet” or “candy” when trying to get your little one to take medication as they will get the wrong message
  • Any recreational drugs need to be either very well hidden or in a locked container
  • Make sure that all relatives and/or care providers understand these safety rules

Keep your loved ones safe and healthy.

THE RISING RATE OF PEDIATRIC OPIOID POISONING

When little Enora Lavenir’s parents put her down for a nap during a family vacation they never could have imagined it would result in her death. Vacationing in a Florida Airbnb, the couple didn’t know that the rental home had been a “party house” where the illicit drug Fentanyl had likely been used. Yet, confirmed by autopsy, Enora’s death was due to acute Fentanyl toxicity.

Until now, our perception of the opioid crisis has largely been viewed as an adult problem. However, there is stunning and alarming evidence that infants and children are more likely to die from an opioid overdose than from any other toxic substance.

According to findings published in the journal Pediatrics about 52% of poisoning deaths in children under 5 years of age are due to opioids. “In fact, the number has doubled since 2005, when 24% of poisonings were attributable to opioids” said lead researcher Dr. Christopher Gaw, a pediatric emergency physician at Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia.

Dr. Gaw and colleagues reviewed child death data from the U.S. National Center for Fatality Review and Prevention. Between 2005-2018, 731 poisoning deaths in children aged 5 and younger were reported to the center. Overall, infants, under the age of 1 accounted for 2/5 (40%) of poisoning deaths. During this period opioids were involved in 47% of these deaths. The next leading cause of drug related deaths occurred from over the counter pain & cold medications (15%).

Five years later, the numbers are rising.

Even a small dose of a prescription opioid can put an infant or toddler’s life at risk. This is particularly true of synthetic opioids such as Fentanyl which is 50-100 times more potent than morphine. 

Where are these overdose deaths occurring?

Nearly 2/3 of these poisoning deaths occur in the infant or child’s home.  Roughly 1/3 of these occurred when a child was supervised by someone other than their parents. The data clearly shows that the vast majority of these poisonings were accidental.  Dr. Gaw added “Kids are curious, active and we know from experience and other studies that often kids are exposed accidentally.  They are just exploring their environment when they find an opioid and end up ingesting it.  A lot of these are what we call exploratory ingestions.”

Dr. Sam Wang, a pediatric toxicologist with Childrens Hospital Colorado in Aurora noted ”even legitimate opioids that are not properly stored and kept out of reach of a child can cause a death if a child would get into them.”  On the other hand, illicit drugs are particularly risky in homes where supervision of children is usually not as good.  This type of event is considered drug endangerment.  Our readers need to understand that, even when properly prescribed opioids are in the home, they must be stored safely  –  away from little ones.  

Shows a baby's hands on top of various pill packets

SIGNS OF AN OPIATE OVERDOSE:

  • Very lethargic, hard to arouse
  • Shallow, slower breathing
  • “Pinpoint” pupils

If any of these occur call 9-1-1 immediately and if breathing stops, initiate CPR immediately

Our Pediatric CPR & Family Safety Class begins with a focus on prevention of most household injuries & accidents.  

When it comes to storing any potentially dangerous drugs we emphasize:

  • storing all medication (prescription or otherwise) out of the reach of children
  • keeping opioid drugs under lock and key, if possible
  • that medications of this type be kept in child resistant containers

Consider asking you M.D. for a prescription for Naloxone, the proven life-saving antidote to all opiate drugs.

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WHAT YOU MAY NOT KNOW ABOUT DROWNING

Drowning is a major concern worldwide.

Water is a source of joy for children of all ages but it requires a high degree of respect and caution. 

These days drowning is newly defined as “submersion in a liquid” and doesn’t assume death which may be confusing. That is why the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), The Center for Disease Control (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO) all want us to have a better understanding not only of what it is, but how drowning can affect anyone, and how it impacts society.

Too often we assume that little ones are safe in water unless we hear a lot of splashing or a call for help but sadly, these responses rarely occur. Drowning is quick and silent. That is why it’s crucial that you be informed as to what actually happens when someone is in real trouble.  

Practicing life-saving skills is the responsibility of everyone involved in the care of your children. 

Save A Little Life™ works with all parents, family members, and trusted care providers regarding the risks, how drowning actually happens, and where it occurs.  We continue to emphasize the importance of drowning prevention and, of course, what we would need to do in the event of a real health emergency.  One thing we emphasize is that drowning victims can be saved if we recognize the problem and start CPR immediately.

Below you’ll find the latest statistics on drowning. We encourage you to read them carefully with the understanding that our intention is not to scare you but to inspire you.

As we like to say, Be Informed. Be Prepared. Be Safe.

GENERAL STATISTICS:

  • There is an average of 4,012 unintentional drownings per year
  • Drowning remains among the top 4 causes of death from age 54 and up
  • Drowning is the single leading cause of death for children ages 1-4, and the second leading cause of injury-related death for children up to 14 years old
  • The U.S. averages 11 fatal drownings per day and an average of 22 non-fatal drownings per day
  • More than 40% of drownings treated in Emergency Departments require hospitalization, transfer or further care (compared with 8% of all unintentional injuries). Many of those who do not die will experience brain damage or other serious outcomes, often with long term disability
  • Drowning can occur in as little as 20-60 seconds
  • Nearly 80% of drowning deaths are among males due to increased exposure to water, risk-taking behavior and alcohol use

CHILD STATISTICS:

  • 88% of child drownings occur with at least 1 adult present
  • For every child that dies from drowning, another 7-8 require emergency department care for non-fatal drowning.  Nearly 70% of drownings of young children occur during non-swimming times
  • Two of three drowning incidents that take place in the home occur in a bathtub
  • 23% of child drownings happen during a family gathering near a pool

RACIAL AND ETHNIC GROUP STATISTICS:

  • Drowning deaths rates for Black people are 1.5 times higher than the rates for White people.  These disparities are highest among Black children  ages 5-9
  • In swimming pools, Black children ages 10-14 years drown at rates 7.6 times higher than White children
  • Black children are more likely to drown in public pools, and White children and youth in residential pools
  • Drowning rates for Native American or Alaskan Native people ages 29 and younger are 2 times higher than the rates for White people

STATISTICS FOR PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES AND MEDICAL CONDITIONS: 

  • People with seizure disorders such as epilepsy are at a higher risk of fatal and non-fatal drowning than the general population  
  • Other conditions such as autism and heart conditions are also associated with a higher risk of drowning

Let us all be informed and prepared.  There is so much as stake.

7 STRATEGIES FOR SURVIVING REMOTE WORK WITH KIDS AT HOME

Working remotely might be the perfect fit for your career and family. Yet juggling childcare while getting work done can be challenging. With these survival tips from Save a Little Life in mind, you can breathe a little easier during the work week.

Dedicate an Area of Your Home to Work
Because working from home often involves mixing business and pleasure, a dedicated work area is a must. Separating work from daily living can help you focus and avoid distractions. A home office or nook can also create a work-life balance if you close it off at quitting time.

Aim to maintain an ergonomic work area, rather than working from bed or at the kitchen table. Proper posture is crucial for avoiding spine, wrist, and other injuries, notes Healthline; ergonomics matter when working from home.

Establish a Daily Routine or Rhythm
Most parents of young kids scoff at the idea of a “schedule.” What infant or toddler naps exactly when their caregiver needs them to? An alternative is a routine or rhythm that fits your family’s needs.

According to Parents magazine, routines are beneficial for kids and help bedtime go more smoothly, reduce meltdowns, and even teach toddlers flexibility. The exact times don’t matter, but a sequence of events keeps everyone on track.

Set Up Toddler-Safe Solo Activities
Managing a toddler while balancing a full workload isn’t easy. For times when you need to keep little hands busy, set up quiet toddler activities they can do solo. Making sure to avoid potential choking hazards is a no-brainer, but mess-free activities are a must, too.

Toys like blocks, puzzles, and coloring books can be intriguing, especially if they are new or not always available. Stickers, large magnets, and felt boards can also be engaging. Try to keep different toys in rotation to maintain interest, as novelty can wear off quickly.

Carve Out Time for Older Children
Working from home sometimes feels like working 24/7. It can also feel that way for your kids, especially older children who are mostly self-sufficient. Babies and toddlers require a lot of attention, but older kids need one-on-one time, too.

Take care to prioritize your older kids at important times of the day when your little ones aren’t underfoot.

Choose Clothing You Can Live In
An obvious benefit of working from home is the ability to wear comfortable clothes. Of course, if you need to be Zoom-ready on top, professional yet comfortable clothing is paramount.

Versatility is a keyword when it comes to comfortable, functional clothes.

Luckily, nursing parents can find top-rated nursing bras online, making it easy to add them to your shopping cart while ordering diapers and wipes.

Declutter Daily for Less Stress
Every parent knows how stressful having too much stuff is, but you might not realize how much clutter impacts your day. Mayo Clinic confirms that clutter can create stress and even keep you up at night.

Starting your day with a clean space can help you buckle down and get work done. Quick clutter pickups a few times daily can also help you feel accomplished. Try out a quick-clean routine to keep messes from piling up through the work week, and the mental load may ease even more.

Enjoy Downtime as “Me Time”
Though many parents feel guilty about dedicating time to self-care, Romper’s experts say it’s necessary. Carving out even a few minutes a couple of times per day can boost your mood and mental health.

Therapists say to take alone time to recoup, refresh, and be a more active parent when you are with your kids. Asking for help from your partner or family is recommended, too.

Remote work with a baby or toddler (or even older kids) isn’t easy, but it is doable. From setting up the right workspace to planning activities for little ones, lining things up takes effort but pays off when you hit deadlines and end the work week strong.

 

THANKS TO COLLEEN STEWART

from Play Date Fitness 

for contributing this article

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THE BIGGEST MISTAKE YOU CAN MAKE WITH A CAR SEAT

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) wants parents to know that sleeping in their car seats when not in transport has significant risk and has caused an alarming number of deaths nationwide.

Dr. Jeffrey Colvin, the lead author of a study looking at risk for infants in car seats, found that “most of the deaths occurred when the car seat was being used as a sleeping device.” He further noted “It really appears that the deaths in these car seats occurred in the context where the car seat wasn’t being used for its purpose in transporting a child, but instead it was being used as a substitute for a crib or bassinet.”

The AAP study further noted that “compared with other deaths, deaths in sitting devices had higher odds of occurring under the supervision of a child care provider or babysitter (our italics) compared with a parent.”

Dr. Colvin told Today that while there is no definitive reason for the number of deaths in car seats, he suggested the angled position of the device might be a factor, as well as the straps and side padding that could potentially be a strangulation or suffocation risk. He also stressed that “before there is widespread panic every time a child falls asleep in a car seat, parents should absolutely not be concerned if their baby falls asleep during the usual time in transit.” Various experts have opinions as to how long it is safe for them to be sleeping during a car trip. Please discuss this with your pediatrician for their expert advice.

SMALL CHILDREN AND PETS

Staying home during this pandemic has both good and, on occasion, not-so-good implications from an injury standpoint.

There has been a recent surge in dog and cat bites, especially where children are concerned. Let’s face it, small children and pets can be a volatile mix.

Dog bites alone account for tens of millions of injuries annually. A great number of these bites are provoked by toddlers and children. If a dog is frightened, experiences pain or is approached while eating the risk of a bite is greater. Dogs that are ill or older have a lower tolerance and may bite when younger dogs might not.

Dog bites can be minor or severe in nature. Many of them can be treated at home with basic first aid, but others may require a scary visit to the emergency department. Canines have very strong jaws and can exert up to 200 pounds of pressure per square inch while larger dogs are capable of twice that much.

The most common bites are to the hands and arms. These can be very serious due to the pain inflicted and because of the risk of infection. Dog mouths have as many as 64 types of bacteria including staph and strep microbes.

As a community we have done well by adopting dogs of every shape and size. The vast majority of these animals are welcomed into our homes and become our loving pets. All the same, you should be aware of the dog’s history and if that history includes aggression and/or unprovoked biting.

One of your best resources is your own veterinarian. Make sure that you discuss issues of safety if a dog has come from unsafe circumstances.

 

8 WAYS TO REDUCE A CHILD’S RISK OF CHOKING

In the 20 years that I have been teaching for Save A Little Life™  I have heard countless stories from parents regarding choking or near-choking events with their infants and/or children. These reports stick with me and I try to learn something from each parent who experiences them.

In our CPR and First-aid classes we always discuss the realistic chances of an infant or child choking. It remains one of the top causes of accidental death and the risks vary depending on the age of the infant or child. What has become clear, however, are the circumstances and conditions that either increase or decrease these incidents.

Human beings are born with good reflexes (gagging, coughing, vomiting) that most often reject items that threaten the airway. Parents will readily tell me about these episodes and most have learned how to prevent a choking episode.

Prior to eating semi-solids and solid foods infants thrive on breast milk and other fluids. Parents observe gagging episodes and almost always find ways to reduce (or at least panic less) these. Once we begin more solid foods there is a palpable increase in parental concern. This is understandable and we never minimize those concerns.

So, what can any parent, family member or care provider do to lessen the choking risk? Here are the most effective measures you can take to lessen the risk:

  • Infants & children need to be seated in an appropriate highchair or booster seat when eating. No exceptions
  • A responsible adult needs to be present during all feeding times
  • Try and avoid doing other activities during feeding because a choking person makes no sound!
  • Once an infant or child is able to crawl or walk they should have no food in their mouths or hand(s). The risk of choking elevates when these activities coincide.
  • During family activities, vacations and/or parties (birthday’s, etc.) there should be no letdown of your focus.
  • Pay close attention to toddlers who, when self-feeding, attempt to put too much food in their mouths at once. You have control of this!
  • Never allow infants or children to eat in the vehicle…especially during the first 2 years when they are seated facing rear.
  • Make sure that any family members, care providers or friends who assist during feeding understand these risks and observe the same precautions

There is always the possibility that, even when safe eating practices are used, some little ones will choke. Most people have about 30 seconds of consciousness once their airway is completely blocked. There is no reason to (initially) call 9-1-1 for a choking person since effective removal of an obstruction is done by those present. Paramedics are anywhere from 4-10 minutes away.

During the Save A Little Life™ class we prepare all in attendance to be able to identify a blocked airway and to remove it by safe and established emergency guidelines.

Prevention is the key to reducing risk for all health emergencies. It is woven into the fabric of our daily lives. We are always living with risk but with the proper understanding and consistent practice these risks can be lowered.

WHY COVERING YOUR STROLLER WITH A BLANKET IS DANGEROUS

In the blazing summer heat with the full sun bearing down on us, countless parents and caregivers drape a blanket over the stroller to give babies shade. It turns out, while we think we are protecting our little ones from the sun, we may be putting them at risk for heatstroke and SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome).

 

Based on an interview with Stockholm pediatrician Dr. Svante Norgren about the dangers of covering a stroller, the Swedish newspaper, Svenska Dagbladet, conducted an experiment by putting a stroller out in the sun, midday, in the summer. Without a cover, the stroller was about 72 degrees Fahrenheit. After covering the stroller with a thin cover for 30 minutes, the temperature rose to 93 degrees and after an hour, 100 degrees!

Because babies sweat less, they are not able to adjust their body temperature as easily, compared to adults and older children. Their body temperatures can rise 3-5 times faster than ours. According to SIDS Australia, “Thermal stress (overheating) has been implicated in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) for many years and avoiding overheating has been one of the strategies to reduce the risk of SIDS.”

So how can you keep infants cool, safely?

Staying indoors during the peak heat of the day (between 10am and 3pm) can be helpful. If you must head outdoors, use a UV cover that doesn’t enclose the stroller, like a parasol. Look for strollers with large sun canopies, ventilated or removable back panel, and no excess cushioning. Air circulation is critical. Wide-brimmed hats are also a good way to protect them from the sun. Dress children lightly, use plenty of sunscreen, and keep them well-hydrated. Sponge your child with a damp cloth to keep them comfortable. A small clip-on fan can be attached to their stroller for added circulation – just be sure to keep it out of reach.

When in their stroller, check your baby to ensure they are not overheated. An overheated baby may sleep a lot. Ensure they are not sweating or are hot to the touch and head indoors if the sun and heat get too strong.

 

Article courtesy of our friends at
Tot Squad Baby Gear Services

 

 

 

EMERGENCY CARE WITHOUT PARENTAL CONSENT

For years we have been telling parents that if someone other than you arrives with the baby or child (in your absence) that a form should accompany them. The form is known as the Parental Consent Form. This form, allows medical personnel to initiate care for your infant or child prior to your arrival at the hospital.

Examples of this potential conflict would be when a grandparent or aunt/uncle, babysitter, nanny, etc. brings the baby to the E.R. without a signed statement from the parent, allowing care to proceed until you arrive. This would provide the doctors & nursing staff with knowledge about the infant/child’s medical history (allergies, other health issues, medications). The assumption is that this information would clear the way to initiate treatment with medications, imaging studies, other necessary sedation of the baby or child for a wide variety of illnesses or injuries.

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) has issued a new policy statement regarding these potential conflicts. The decision of the AAP for the revised policy on parental consent was summarized in this statement:

“Current medical ethics recommendations also appear to support the E.D./E.R. treatment of unaccompanied minors“ so the statement reads. Furthermore, the AAP statement included: “The physician should seek consensus from the patient or family as soon as possible.”

Simply put, this change suggests that preauthorization (with a note or letter, signed by the parent) is not a necessity and that proceeding with treatment of the minor will be based on a variety of factors.

When we instruct parents in our CPR and first-aid classes the issue of parental consent is always on our check-list of important things to do. We strongly suggest that all parents provide this document to those who have childcare duties, even those blood relatives who are not the parent or legal guardian of that minor.

Forms of this type are easily found on the internet and simply requesting a generic parental consent for medical treatment of a minor. Some states may have laws requiring notarization of the document. Not so in California.